Ten Essential Principles of Srimad Bhagavad-Gītā
Zehn essenzielle Prinzipien der Bhagavad-Gītā
by Śrīla Bhaktivinoda Ṭhākura
1) Pramana: Criteria for evaluation and comprehension.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9, verse 17
वेद्यं पवित्रम् ओंकार
ऋक् साम यजुर् एव च
vedyaṁ pavitram oṁkāra
ṛk sāma yajur eva ca
Translation
Lord Krishna is the goal of all knowledge, the purifying, transcendental sound vibration Om, and the Rig Veda, Sama Veda and Yajur Veda.
Lord Krishna sagt: "Ich bin das Ziel des Wissens, der Alles-Reinigende und die Silbe om. Und Ich bin auch der Rik-, der Sāma- und der Yajur-veda."
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 16, verse 24
तस्माच् छास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते
कार्याकार्य-व्यवस्थितौ
ज्ञात्वा शास्त्र-विधानोक्तं
कर्म कर्तुम् इहार्हसि
tasmāc chāstraṁ pramāṇaṁ te
kāryākārya-vyavasthitau
jñātvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṁ
karma kartum ihārhasi
Translation
Therefore the injunctions of the Vedic scriptures are the sole authority in ascertaining what is to be done and what is not to be done. Thus knowing the ordinances of the Vedic scriptures as prescribed one should perform actions in this world in accordance to them as a matter of duty.
Man sollte aus den Unterweisungen der Schriften verstehen, was Pflicht und was nicht Pflicht ist. Wenn man diese Regeln und Regulierungen kennt, sollte man so handeln, daß man allmählich erhoben wird.
a. Prameya: Principles of the proof.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9 , verse 2
राज-विद्या राज-गुह्यं
पवित्रम् इदम् उत्तमम्
प्रत्यक्षावगमं धर्म्यं
सुसुखं कर्तुम् अव्ययम्
rāja-vidyā rāja-guhyaṁ
pavitram idam uttamam
pratyakṣāvagamaṁ dharmyaṁ
susukhaṁ kartum avyayam
Translation
This knowledge is the king of all wisdom, the king of all that is confidential, the topmost in righteousness, purifying, able to be perceived by direct realisation, very joyous to perform and everlasting.
Dieses Wissen ist der König der Erziehung und das geheimste aller Geheimnisse. Es ist das reinste Wissen, und weil es die direkte Erfahrung vom Selbst vermittelt, wenn es verwirklicht wird, ist es die Vollkommenheit der Religion. Es ist unvergänglich und wird mit Freude praktiziert.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 4, verse 2
एवं परम्परा-प्राप्तम्
इमं राजर्षयो विदुः
evaṁ paramparā-prāptam
imaṁ rājarṣayo viduḥ
Translation
This supreme science is received through disciplic succession and the saintly kings understood it in this way.
Diese höchste Wissenschaft wurde durch die Nachfolge der geistigen Meister weitergegeben, und die heiligen Könige empfingen sie auf diese Weise.
b. Sambandha: Eternal relationship with the Supreme Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad-Gita; chapter 8, verse 3
अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं
स्वभावो ऽध्यात्मम् उच्यते
akṣaraṁ brahma paramaṁ
svabhāvo 'dhyātmam ucyate
Translation
The Supreme indestructible reality is the ultimate truth and its eternal nature is the soul.
Der Höchste Herr sagte: Das unzerstörbare, transzendentale Lebewesen wird Brahman und seine ewige Natur das Selbst genannt.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 10, verse 8
अहं सर्वस्य प्रभवो
मत्तः सर्वं प्रवर्तते
इति मत्वा भजन्ते मां
बुधा भाव-समन्विताः
ahaṁ sarvasya prabhavo
mattaḥ sarvaṁ pravartate
iti matvā bhajante māṁ
budhā bhāva-samanvitāḥ
Translation
Lord Krishna is the original generating cause of all causes, everything emanates from Him; realising this the spiritually intelligent endowed with devotional sentiments become devoted to Him.
Lord Krishna sagt: "Ich bin der Ursprung der spirituellen und der materiellen Welt. Alles geht von Mir aus. Die Weisen, die dies wissen, dienen Mir in Hingabe und verehren Mich von ganzem Herzen."
2) Krishna-tattva: Truth about the Supreme Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 7
मत्तः परतरं नान्यत्
किञ्चिद् अस्ति धनञ्जय
मयि सर्वम् इदं प्रोतं
सूत्रे मणि-गणा इव
mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat
kiñcid asti dhanañjaya
mayi sarvam idaṁ protaṁ
sūtre maṇi-gaṇā iva
Translation
There is nothing equal to or greater than Lord Krishna. Everything rests in Him and nothing can exist independently. Just as a cluster of pearls are strung on a thread.
"O Gewinner von Reichtum [Arjuna], es gibt keine Wahrheit über Mir. Alles ruht auf Mir wie Perlen auf einer Schnur."
3) Krishna-sakti: The Potencies of the Supreme Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 4
भूमिर् आपो ऽनलो वायुः
खं मनो बुद्धिर् एव च
अहङ्कार इतीयं मे
भिन्ना प्रकृतिर् अष्टधा
bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ
khaṁ mano buddhir eva ca
ahaṅkāra itīyaṁ me
bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā
Translation
Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, spiritual intelligence and false ego, these eight fold divisions comprise Lord Krishna's external energy.
Erde, Wasser, Feuer, Luft, Äther, Geist, Intelligenz und falsches Ich – diese acht Elemente bilden Meine abgesonderten, materiellen Energien.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 5
अपरेयम् इतस् त्व् अन्यां
प्रकृतिं विद्धि मे पराम्
जीव-भूतां महा-बाहो
ययेदं धार्यते जगत्
apareyam itas tv anyāṁ
prakṛtiṁ viddhi me parām
jīva-bhūtāṁ mahā-bāho
yayedaṁ dhāryate jagat
Translation
The external energy is inferior but superior to this is Lord Krishna's marginal energy comprising the conscious embodied souls of all living entities by which the material creation is utilised.
Außer dieser niederen Natur, o starkarmiger Arjuna, gibt es noch eine höhere Energie – es sind die Lebewesen, die mit der materiellen Natur kämpfen und das Universum erhalten.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 6
एतद् योनीनि भूतानि
सर्वाणीत्य् उपधारय
अहं कृत्स्नस्य जगतः
प्रभवः प्रलयस् तथा
etad yonīni bhūtāni
sarvāṇīty upadhāraya
ahaṁ kṛtsnasya jagataḥ
prabhavaḥ pralayas tathā
Translation
Understand that all living beings, moving or stationary in existence in all of creation are manifested by these two energies of Lord Krishna, who is the creator and the terminator of all the worlds.
Wisse, von allem, was materiell und was spirituell ist in dieser Welt, bin Ich sowohl der Ursprung als auch die Auflösung.
4) Krishna-rasa: Divine sentiments for the Supreme Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 24
अव्यक्तं व्यक्तिम् आपन्नं
मन्यन्ते माम् अबुद्धयः
परं भावम् अजानन्तो
ममाव्ययम् अनुत्तमम्
avyaktaṁ vyaktim āpannaṁ
manyante mām abuddhayaḥ
paraṁ bhāvam ajānanto
mamāvyayam anuttamam
Translation
Unable to comprehend Lord Krishna's supreme, imperishable and exalted state of being; the spiritually deficient regard Him as being of the material nature coming into existence from the unmanifest.
Unintelligente Menschen, die Mich nicht kennen, glauben, Ich hätte diese Gestalt und Persönlichkeit angenommen. Weil sie nur über geringes Wissen verfügen, kennen sie Mein höheres Wesen nicht, das ohne Wandel und erhaben ist.
Bhagavad-Gita; chapter 9, verse 11
अवजानन्ति मां मूढा
मानुषीं तनुम् आश्रितम्
परं भावम् अजानन्तो
मम भूत-महेश्वरम्
avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṁ tanum āśritam
paraṁ bhāvam ajānanto
mama bhūta-maheśvaram
Translation
Fools blaspheme Lord Krishna when he descends in His divine form, unable to realise His paramount position as the Supreme Lord of all beings and all creation.
Dumme Menschen verspotten Mich, wenn Ich in der menschlichen Gestalt erscheine. Sie kennen nicht Mein transzendentales Wesen und Meine höchste Herrschaft über alles Existierende.
5) Jiva-tattva: Truth about all living entities.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 15, verse 7
ममैवांशो जीव-लोके
जीव-भूतः सनातनः
mamaivāṁśo jīva-loke
jīva-bhūtaḥ sanātanaḥ
Translation
All embodied living entities in the material creation are Lord Krishna's eternal, separate, infinitesimal parts.
Die Lebewesen in der materiellen Welt sind Meine ewigen fragmentarischen Teile.
6) Baddha-tattva: Truth about conditioned living entities.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 15, verse 8
शरीरं यद् अवाप्नोति
यच् चाप्य् उत्क्रामतीश्वरः
गृहीत्वैतानि संयाति
वायुर् गन्धान् इवाशयात्
śarīraṁ yad avāpnoti
yac cāpy utkrāmatīśvaraḥ
gṛhītvaitāni saṁyāti
vāyur gandhān ivāśayāt
Translation
Whatever new body the eternal infinitesimal portion enters into, it carries the subtle body with it from whatever old body it departed, just as air carries fragrance from a flower.
Das Lebewesen in der materiellen Welt trägt seine verschiedenen Lebensauffassungen von einem Körper zum anderen, wie der Wind Düfte mit sich trägt.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 15
न मां दुष्कृतिनो मूढाः
प्रपद्यन्ते नराधमाः
माययापहृत-ज्ञाना
आसुरं भावम् आश्रिताः
na māṁ duṣkṛtino mūḍhāḥ
prapadyante narādhamāḥ
māyayāpahṛta-jñānā
āsuraṁ bhāvam āśritāḥ
Translation
The foolish, the depraved, the deluded and the demoniac, whose discrimination is degraded by the illusory energy; do not surrender unto the Supreme Lord Krishna.
Die Schurken, die abgestumpft und dumm, die die Niedrigsten der Menschheit sind, deren Wissen von Illusion gestohlen ist, und die das atheistische Wesen von Dämonen haben, geben sich Mir nicht hin.
7) Mukta-jiva tattva: Truth about liberated living entities.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 8, verse 15
माम् उपेत्य पुनर् जन्म
दुःखालयम् अशाश्वतम्
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः
संसिद्धिं परमां गताः
mām upetya punar janma
duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam
nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ
saṁsiddhiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ
Translation
The great souls having achieved ultimate perfection take refuge in Lord Krishna never again to enter the miserable cycle of birth and death.
Nachdem die großen Seelen, die hingegebenen yogīs, Mich erreicht haben, kehren Sie niemals wieder in diese zeitweilige Welt des Leids zurück, denn sie haben die höchste Vollkommenheit erlangt.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 7, verse 14
दैवी ह्य् एषा गुणमयी
मम माया दुरत्यया
माम् एव ये प्रपद्यन्ते
मायाम् एतां तरन्ति ते
daivī hy eṣā guṇamayī
mama māyā duratyayā
mām eva ye prapadyante
māyām etāṁ taranti te
Translation
This divine illusion of Lord Krishna, consisting of the three modes of the external material energy is very difficult to overcome; but those who surrender unto Lord Krishna, only they are able to surmount this illusory energy known as maya.
Diese Meine göttliche Energie, die aus den drei Erscheinungsweisen der materiellen Natur besteht, ist sehr schwer zu überwinden. Doch wer sich Mir hingegeben hat, kann sie sehr leicht hinter sich lassen.
8) Maya-Illusion, Jivas-Livings Entities, Isvara-Supreme Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9, verse 4
मया ततम् इदं सर्वं
जगद् अव्यक्त-मूर्तिना
मत्-स्थानि सर्व-भूतानि
न चाहं तेष्व् अवस्थितः
mayā tatam idaṁ sarvaṁ
jagad avyakta-mūrtinā
mat-sthāni sarva-bhūtāni
na cāhaṁ teṣv avasthitaḥ
Translation
All of creation is pervaded by Lord Krishna in an imperceptibly subtle manner and all that is conceivable is situated within Him; but He is not situated within it and He is completely independent of it.
Von Mir, in Meiner unmanifestierten Form, wird das gesamte Universum durchdrungen. Alle Wesen befinden sich in Mir, doch Ich bin nicht in ihnen.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9, verse 5
न च मत्-स्थानि भूतानि
पश्य मे योगम् ऐश्वरम्
भूत-भृन् न च भूत-स्थो
ममात्मा भूत-भावनः
na ca mat-sthāni bhūtāni
paśya me yogam aiśvaram
bhūta-bhṛn na ca bhūta-stho
mamātmā bhūta-bhāvanaḥ
Translation
Behold Lord Krishna's extraordinary, unparalleled, unfathomable majestic opulence. His omniscient self is the maintainer of all living entities in creation and the preserver of all these living entities; but He is uninfluenced by them being transcendental to material nature.
Und dennoch ruht alles Erschaffene nicht in Mir. Sieh nur Meinen mystischen Reichtum! Obwohl Ich der Erhalter aller Lebewesen und obwohl Ich allgegenwärtig bin, ist Mein Selbst dennoch der Ursprung der Schöpfung.
9) Abhidheya-tattva: Devotion to the Supreme Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9, verse 13
महात्मानस् तु मां पार्थ
दैवीं प्रकृतिम् आश्रिताः
भजन्त्य् अनन्य-मनसो
ज्ञात्वा भूतादिम् अव्ययम्
mahātmānas tu māṁ pārtha
daivīṁ prakṛtim āśritāḥ
bhajanty ananya-manaso
jñātvā bhūtādim avyayam
Translation
The great souls having taken refuge of the divine nature, render loving, devotional service unto Lord Krishna with unalloyed minds, knowing Him to be the imperishable origin of all creation.
O Sohn Pṛthās, die großen Seelen, die nicht verblendet sind, stehen unter dem Schutz der göttlichen Natur. Sie sind völlig im hingebungsvollen Dienen beschäftigt, da sie wissen, daß Ich der Höchste Persönliche Gott bin, der ursprünglich und unerschöpflich ist.
Bhagavad-Gita, chapter 9, verse 14
सततं कीर्तयन्तो मां
यतन्तश् च दृढ-व्रताः
नमस्यन्तश् च मां भक्त्या
नित्य-युक्ता उपासते
satataṁ kīrtayanto māṁ
yatantaś ca dṛḍha-vratāḥ
namasyantaś ca māṁ bhaktyā
nitya-yuktā upāsate
Translation
Always eulogising the Supreme Lord Krishna's glories with joy and humility, resolute with unfailing determination; beings who desire an eternal relationship with Lord Krishna worship Him in loving devotion.
Ohne Unterlaß preisen sie Meine Herrlichkeiten, bemühen sich mit großer Entschlossenheit und bringen Mir ihre Ehrerbietungen dar. So verehren Mich die großen Seelen unaufhörlich mit Hingabe.
10) Prayojana-tattva: The Ultimate Attainment
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9, verse 22
अनन्याश् चिन्तयन्तो मां
ये जनाः पर्युपासते
तेषां नित्याभियुक्तानां
योग-क्षेमं वहाम्य् अहम्
ananyāś cintayanto māṁ
ye janāḥ paryupāsate
teṣāṁ nityābhiyuktānāṁ
yoga-kṣemaṁ vahāmy aham
Translation
Those who desire Lord Krishna's eternal association precluding all else meditate upon Him exclusively in loving devotion and He insures communion with Him supplying what they lack and preserving what they have.
Doch denen, die Mich mit Hingabe verehren und über Meine transzendentale Gestalt meditieren, gebe Ich, was sie brauchen, und erhalte Ich, was sie haben.
Bhagavad-Gita: chapter 9, verse 29
समो ऽहं सर्व-भूतेषु
न मे द्वेष्यो ऽस्ति न प्रियः
ये भजन्ति तु मां भक्त्या
मयि ते तेषु चाप्य् अहम्
samo 'haṁ sarva-bhūteṣu
na me dveṣyo 'sti na priyaḥ
ye bhajanti tu māṁ bhaktyā
mayi te teṣu cāpy aham
Translation
Lord Krishna is equally disposed to all living entities, there is neither friend or foe for Him; but those who with loving sentiments render loving, devotional service unto Him, as they are attached by affection for Him, in that same way He is attached by affection for them.
Ich beneide niemanden, noch bin Ich jemandem besonders zugetan. Ich bin allen gleichgesinnt. Doch wer auch immer Mir in Hingabe dient, ist Mein Freund und ist in Mir, und auch Ich bin Sein Freund.
Bhaktivinode Thakura
